Routing

Protocoles de Routage

IGP, EGP, redistribution, filtrage, path control et haute disponibilité. De EIGRP à BGP VPNv4, tous les mécanismes de routage pour le CCIE ENARSI.

IGP — Protocoles internes

DUAL algorithm, feasible successor, named mode, stub routing, variance, authentication, summarization.

DUAL Named mode Stub Variance Auth

SPF algorithm, LSA types 1-7, area design, ABR/ASBR, stub/NSSA, virtual links, authentication, OSPFv3.

LSA 1-7 Areas SPF ABR / ASBR OSPFv3

Level 1/2, NET address, TLVs, wide metrics, multi-topology IPv6, redistribution, authentication.

Level 1/2 NET TLV Wide metrics MT-IPv6

EGP — Routage externe

Border Gateway Protocol. Best path selection, attributs, politiques de routage, Route Reflector, Confederation, filtrage AS-PATH.

Weight LOCAL_PREF AS-PATH MED AIGP Communities RR

Redistribution

Concepts, Administrative Distance, seed metric, route-map, tag, détection des boucles de redistribution.

AD Seed metric Boucles Route tagging

Redistribution OSPF

OSPF ↔ EIGRP / BGP / IS-IS. E1 vs E2, mot-clé subnets, metric-type, tag, sous-optimalité.

E1 / E2 subnets metric-type Tag

Redistribution EIGRP

EIGRP ↔ OSPF / BGP / IS-IS. Seed metric obligatoire, default-metric, D EX AD=170, variance.

Seed metric default-metric D EX AD=170

Redistribution BGP

BGP ↔ IGP. network vs redistribute, MED depuis metric IGP, origin incomplete, synchronisation.

network redistribute MED / origin Sync

Redistribution IS-IS

IS-IS ↔ OSPF / EIGRP / BGP. Level 1/2 redistribution, metric style, conditional redistribution.

Level 1/2 metric style Conditional

Mutual Redistribution

Redistribution bidirectionnelle, boucles de routage, AD manipulation, route tagging, filtrage de retour.

Boucles AD tuning Tag + deny Route-map

VRF Route Leaking

Échange de routes entre VRFs. import/export MP-BGP, static leaking, shared services, hub-and-spoke VRF.

import / export MP-BGP Static leaking Shared services

Filtrage & Path Control

distribute-list, prefix-list, offset-list, stub leak-map. Contrôle des routes annoncées et acceptées par EIGRP.

distribute-list prefix-list offset-list leak-map

distribute-list, ABR filter-list, area range (summarization), database-filter, not-advertise.

distribute-list filter-list area range not-advertise

Policy-Based Routing. route-map + set ip next-hop, verify-availability, local PBR, match length, IP SLA failover.

route-map next-hop verify-availability local policy

IP SLA & Tracking

Probes icmp-echo, udp-jitter, tcp-connect. Object tracking, threshold, reactions, floating static avec track.

icmp-echo udp-jitter track threshold Floating static

Named ACL, reflexive ACL, dynamic ACL (lock-and-key), time-based ACL, ACL logging, PACL / VACL.

Reflexive Dynamic Time-based PACL / VACL

BGP AS-PATH Regex

Jeu interactif IOS regex sur AS-PATH. 3 modes, sandbox temps réel, référence des caractères spéciaux.

_ ^ $ .* Sandbox 3 modes

IPv6 Routing

OSPF pour IPv6 et address-families. LSA types 8/9, instance ID, link-local next-hop, authentication IPsec.

LSA 8/9 Address-family Link-local NH IPsec auth

EIGRPv6 / Named mode

EIGRP pour IPv4 et IPv6 en named mode. Address-family, interface sections, metric weights, passive-interface.

Named mode AF IPv4/IPv6 Interface section

BGP address-family ipv6 unicast. activate, next-hop, route-map IPv6, eBGP/iBGP IPv6, redistribute IPv6.

address-family ipv6 activate next-hop

Static & Floating Static IPv6

Routes statiques IPv6, floating static, recursive lookup, null0, track object, default route ::/0.

ipv6 route Floating track ::/0

Haute Disponibilité & Convergence

High Availability

IP Fast Reroute, FHRP, NSF/SSO. Convergence sub-50ms avec LFA, rLFA, TI-LFA. HSRP, VRRP, GLBP, Graceful Restart.

LFA / rLFA TI-LFA HSRP / VRRP NSF / SSO GR

Bidirectional Forwarding Detection. Timers, modes async/echo, intégration OSPF/EIGRP/BGP/IS-IS, BFD multi-hop.

Async / Echo BFD for BGP Multi-hop Timers

Cisco Express Forwarding. FIB, adjacency table, load balancing per-destination/flow, punt, drop adjacency.

FIB Adjacency table Load balancing Punt

ECMP & Load Balancing

Equal et unequal cost load balancing. maximum-paths, variance EIGRP, BGP multipath, per-packet vs per-flow.

maximum-paths variance BGP multipath Per-flow

Domaines connexes

Labels, LDP, MPLS L3VPN, BGP VPNv4/VPNv6, PE-CE routing, Segment Routing, SR-TE.

LDP VPNv4 RD / RT SR-MPLS SRv6

DMVPN (phase 1/2/3), FlexVPN, IPsec IKEv2, GET VPN, tunnel protection, spoke-to-spoke.

DMVPN FlexVPN IKEv2 GET VPN

SD-Access / LISP

Cisco SD-Access, LISP (Locator/ID Separation Protocol), VXLAN fabric, control-plane vs data-plane.

LISP VXLAN Fabric EID / RLOC