MPLS

MPLS & Transport

MultiProtocol Label Switching, L3VPN, BGP VPNv4/VPNv6, L2VPN, EVPN et Segment Routing. De LDP au SRv6, les mécanismes de transport pour le CCIE ENARSI et au-delà.

Fondamentaux MPLS

Architecture MPLS

Label switching, LFIB, FIB, label stack (push/pop/swap), penultimate hop popping, PHP, MPLS TTL.

Labels LFIB Push/Pop/Swap PHP TTL

Label Distribution Protocol. Hello discovery, sessions TCP, LIB, label bindings, LDP synchronisation avec IGP, LDP session protection.

Hello / Session LIB IGP sync Session protection

Traffic Engineering avec RSVP. Tunnels TE, CSPF, contraintes de bande passante, affinity bits, fast-reroute FRR.

Tunnels TE CSPF BW constraint FRR Affinity

MPLS L3VPN

Concepts VRF / RD / RT

Virtual Routing and Forwarding, Route Distinguisher, Route Target, import/export policy. Architecture PE/P/CE, VPNv4 address-family.

VRF RD RT import/export PE / P / CE

MP-BGP address-family vpnv4. Propagation des labels VPN, next-hop self, Route Reflector VPNv4, extended communities RT.

MP-BGP address-family vpnv4 VPN label RR VPNv4

IPv6 sur MPLS L3VPN. address-family vpnv6, 6PE (IPv6 Provider Edge), 6VPE, next-hop mapping IPv4/IPv6.

address-family vpnv6 6PE 6VPE NH mapping

Protocoles PE-CE : BGP, OSPF, EIGRP, Static. Sitecom OSPF backdoor, EIGRP site-of-origin (SOO), AS-override, allow-as-in.

BGP PE-CE OSPF backdoor SOO AS-override

VPN entre AS différents. Option A (back-to-back VRF), Option B (eBGP VPNv4), Option C (multi-hop eBGP + labels).

Option A Option B Option C Multi-hop eBGP

MPLS L2VPN

Pseudowire / VPWS

Virtual Private Wire Service. EoMPLS (Ethernet over MPLS), AToM (Any Transport over MPLS), VC types, control-word.

EoMPLS AToM VC types Control-word L2 circuit

Virtual Private LAN Service. Full-mesh de pseudowires, split-horizon, MAC learning, flooding, LDP vs BGP signaling.

Full-mesh PW Split-horizon MAC learning LDP / BGP signaling

Ethernet VPN (RFC 7432). Routes types 1-5, IRB (Integrated Routing and Bridging), multi-homing (ESI), VXLAN EVPN et MPLS EVPN.

Route type 2/5 IRB ESI multi-homing VXLAN EVPN

Segment Routing

Segment Routing sur plan de données MPLS. Node-SID, Adj-SID, SRGB, Prefix-SID. Extensions IS-IS et OSPF pour SR. Source routing.

Node-SID Adj-SID SRGB IS-IS SR OSPF SR

Segment Routing sur IPv6. SRH (Segment Routing Header), Locator, SID functions (End, End.DX4, End.DT4…), uSID, SRv6 VPN.

SRH Locator End / End.DX4 uSID SRv6 VPN

SR Traffic Engineering. Politiques SR-TE, chemins explicites et dynamiques, candidate paths, PCE/PCEP, Binding-SID.

SR Policy Candidate path PCEP Binding-SID

Flexible Algorithm pour SR. Topologies logiques multiples (latence, couleur, TE…), FAD, FAPM, advertisement IS-IS/OSPF.

FAD Latency metric Algo 128-255 IS-IS / OSPF

QoS & OAM MPLS

EXP bits (TC field), modèles Pipe / Uniform / Short-pipe. DiffServ tunneling, propagation DSCP/EXP, classification sur labels.

EXP / TC Pipe mode Uniform mode Short-pipe DiffServ

Opérations, Administration, Maintenance. ping MPLS, traceroute MPLS, LSP ping, BFD pour MPLS, VCCV, MPLS-TP OAM.

LSP ping traceroute MPLS BFD for MPLS VCCV

Domaines connexes

IGP, EGP, redistribution, PBR, filtrage, IPv6 routing, haute disponibilité.

EIGRP OSPF BGP IS-IS

DMVPN, FlexVPN, IPsec IKEv2, GET VPN. Overlay tunneling, spoke-to-spoke, dynamic crypto maps.

DMVPN FlexVPN IKEv2 GET VPN

SD-Access / LISP

Cisco DNA Center, SD-Access fabric, LISP control-plane, VXLAN data-plane, micro-segmentation.

LISP VXLAN Fabric DNA Center